where temperatures frequently fell below freezing and survival often depended upon exceptional courage

and RAF in recognition of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land

instead each allied country issued its own victory medal using the same ribbon and an effigy of the figure of Victory - except Japan who used a traditional Samurai Warrior

this is struck and then enamelled in vitreous enamels in the manner of the original badge

only one emblem is worn regardless of how many time an individual is mentioned

Army Long Service & Good Conduct Medal EIIR RAF Collection where temperatures frequently fell belowThe Army Long Service and Good Conduct medal was instituted in 1830. Until 1901 the medal's obverse contained an image of a trophy of arms with the Royal Arms in an oval shield in the centre while the reverse side contained the inscription "For Long Service and Good Conduct". On the succession of King Edward VII to the throne in 1901, the effigy of the reigning sovereign was placed on the medal's obverse. In 1930 the title of the medal was changed to